1. Which of the following are not characteristic features of Fabaceae?
 a) Tap root system, compound leaves, and raceme inflorescence
 b) Flowers actinomorphic, twisted aestivation, and gamopetalous
 c) Stamens ten, introrse, basifixed, and dithecous
 d) Monocarpellary, ovary superior, and bent stigma

2. When the floral appendages are in multiple of 3, 4, and 5, they are respectively called
 a) Trimerous, tetramerous, pentamerous
 b) Pentamerous, tetramerous, trimerous
 c) Tripinnate, tetra pinnate, pentapinnate
 d) Tetrapinnate, tripinnate, pentapinnate

3. The type of leaf in Daucus carota is
 a) Simple
 b) Bipinnate
 c) Tripinnate
 d) Decompound

4. The most advanced fruit is
 a) Cypsela
 b) Caryopsis 
 c) Pome
 d) Etaerio of drupe

5. Identify A, B, and C  in the given diagram

 a) A-Seed coat, B-Micropyle, C-Hilum
 b) A-Seed coat, B-Hilum, C-Micropyle
 c) A-Hilum, B-Seed coat, C-Micropyle
 d) A-Micropyle, B-Seed coat, C-Hilum

6. The pedicel of the flower is called
 a) Thalamus
 b) Receptacle
 c) Both (a) and (b) 
 d) Either (a) or (b)

7. A tree that has a strong erect stem with hollow internodes and solid nodes, is known as
 a) Caudex
 b) Deliquescent
 c) Scape
 d) Culm

8. Identify the correct order (root) from base to root apex
I. Mineral absorption zone
II. Soil penetration zone
III. Cell number increasing zone
V. Cell elongation zone
 a) II, I, IV, III
 b) I, II, III, IV
 c) IV, III, II, I
 d) III, IV, I, II

9. Study the following statements and choose the correct option.
I.Buds are present in the axil of leaflets of the compound leaf.
II. Pulvinus leaf base is present in some leguminous plants.
III. In Alstonia, the petioles expand, become green, and synthesize food.
IV.Opposite phyllotaxy is seen in guava.
 a) II and IV are correct but I and III are wrong
 b) I and III are correct but II and IV are wrong
 c) I and IV are correct but II and III are wrong
 d) II, III, and IV are correct but I is wrong

10. The number of stomata present per cm² of a leaf is
 a) 1000
 b) Less than 100
 c) One million
 d) None of these

11. Which one of the following series includes the orders Ranales, Parietals, and Malvales?
 a) Bicarpellatae
 b) Thalamiflorae
 c) Calyciflorae
 d) Disciflorae

12. Which pair of the following plants represents the condition of modification of stipules into spines? 
 a) Euphorbia and Ziziphus
 b) Citrus and Euphorbia
 c) Ziziphus and Bougainvillea
 d) Bougainvillea and Citrus

13. Amla belongs to family
 a) Labiatae
 b) Fabaceae
 c) Solanaceae
 d) Euphorbiaceae

14. The leaves are modified into tendrils, hooks, pitchers, and bladder in the following plants respectively
 a) Sweet pea, cat’s nail, Nepenthes, Utricularia
 b) Sweet pea, cat’s nail, Utricularia, Nepenthes
 c) Nepenthes, cat’s nail, sweet pea, Utricularia
 d) Nepenthes, sweet pea, cat’s nail, Utricularia

15. Fruits are formed in
 a) Brassica
 b) Fern
 c) Cycas
 d) Funaria

16. Hypanthodium inflorescence is found in
 a) Ficus
 b) Tulsi
 c) Cedrus
 d) Calotropis

17. I. Bear leaves and branches
II. Conduction of water and minerals
III. Storage of food
These are the functions of
 a) Root
 b) Stem
 c) Leaves
 d) Root cap

18. Tulips belong to the family
 a) Asteraceae
 b) Liliaceae
 c) Brassicaceae
 d) Malvaceae

19. The floral formula is of 

belongs to plant
 a) Allium cepa
 b) Sunflower
 c) Cucurbita
 d) Brassica

20. Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of Fabaceae?
 a) Descendingly imbricate, ten stamens, diadelphous, ovary superior
 b) Sepals five, gamosepalous, imbricate aestivation, placentation marginal
 c) Monocarpellary, ovary superior, style long, slightly bent at the apex
 d) Corolla, five petals, polypetalous, anterior one large and outermost

1 (b)
In Fabaceae, flowers are zygomorphic, imbricate aestivation, and polypetalous.

2 (a)
A flower may be trimerous, tetramerous, or pentamerous when the floral appendages are in multiples of 3, 4, or 5 respectively. Flowers with bracts, reduced leaves found at the base of the pedicel, are called bracteates and those without bracts are called ebracteate

3 (d)
Daucus carota contains decompounds type of leaves, in which leaf rachis are divided more than three times and gives rise to a small axis on which leaflets are arranged.

4 (d)
According to Hutchinson’s general principles adopted for the classification of flowering plants, aggregate fruits (etaerio of drupe) are more recent than single fruits.

5 (b)

Seed coat The seed is covered by two coverings (layers). The outer layer is thick and tough called the testa. The inner one is thin and whitish called tegmen.
Hilum The concave side of the seed is darker with a whitish elongated oval scar called hilum.
Micropyle It is the small pore present at the end of the hilum. It takes part in absorbing the water during seed germination.
Cotyledons These are also called seed leaves. The two cotyledons are attached to the embryo axis in between the plumule and radicle. Cotyledons are large, white, kidney-shaped. They store food.

6 (d)
Thalamus or receptacle.
The flower is a reproductive unit in the angiosperms. It is meant for sexual reproduction. A typical flower has four different kinds of whorls arranged successively on the swollen end of the stalk or pedicel called thalamus or receptacle

7 (d)
A stem with hollow internodes and solid nodes is called a culm e.g., bamboo, sugarcane, etc. 

8 (a)
Below the root cap, the area of new cell formation is called a meristematic zone. Behind the meristematic zone is the area of cell enlargement. Below this zone, the absorption of water and then mineral takes place. This water and mineral absorption comes under the zone of maturation

9 (a)
In some legumes, the leaf base may become swollen, which is called the pulvinus.
In the opposite phyllotaxy, a pair of leaves arise at each mode and lie opposite to each other as in Calotropic (Akon/madar) and guava (Psidium) plants.

10 (a)
The number of stomata present per cm² of a leaf is known as stomatal frequency. Normally, it ranges from 1000-60000 per cm² or 10-600 mm²   in different plant species.

11 (b)
Thalamiflorae is a series that contains orders Ranales, Parietales, Malvales, etc.

12 (a)
In Euphorbia of the family Euphorbiaceae and Ziziphus of the family Rhamnaceae, the stipules are modified into spines. 

13 (d)
Emblica officinalis is the botanical name of amla and it belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. 

14 (a)
Leaf tendrils Modified thread/spring-like sensitive structures of leaf or leaf parts, e.g., in sweet pea (Lathyrus odortus).
Leaflet hooks In unguis-cati (cat’s nail), the terminal leaflets are modified into cured hooks (as of cat) for climbing.
Pitcher Lamina in Nepenthes is modified into a pitcher, which functions in catching and digesting microorganisms or storing water.
Bladder In Utricularia (an aquatic insectivore), a few leaf segments are modified into the bladder (balloon-like structures) for trapping small aquatic organisms.

15 (a)
Fruit is the mature ripened ovary of the flower, enclosing the seeds. It is the characteristic feature of Angiospermic plants, e.g., Brassica.

16 (a)
Ficus has hypanthodium inflorescence.

17 (b)
Characteristics of stem
(i) Stem develops from plumule of the embryo
(ii) Stem is ascending part of the plant axis
(iii) It bears terminal bud growth
(iv) The stem differentiated into nodes and internodes
(v) The young stem is capable of performing photosynthesis
(vi) Stem are usually positively phototropic, negatively geotropic, and negatively hydrotropic

18 (b)
Tulipa, Allium, Lilium, Aloe, Dracaena, etc, belong to the family Liliaceae.

19 (a)
Allium cepa (onion) belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae. The floral formula of Allium cepa is

20 (d)
The corolla of the Fabaceae family has five petals, polypetalous, Papilionaceous, descending imbricate aestivation, one posterior long standard, two lateral short wings, and two anterior petals joined to each other forming a keel.

Questions 21-40

Answers

21.b  22.b  23.a  24.a  25.a  26.c  27.a  28.b  29.d  30.d  31.d  32.b  33.d  34.c  35.a  36.a  37.c  38.c  39.a  40.a  

Solutions

21 (b)
A petiole or leaf stalk is a cylindrical or sub-cylindrical structure of a leaf that joins the lamina to the base. Green, flattened petioles may be called winged petioles, e.g., Citrus and Dionaea.

22 (b)
Allium, 2n=16 then endosperm has 24 chromosomes.
Oryza, 2n=24 then endosperm has 36 chromosomes.
Nicotiana, 2n=48 then endosperm has 72 chromosomes.
Saccharum 2n=82-124 (Indian cane) then endosperm has 123-186 chromosomes.

23 (a)
In wheat or maize (family Poaceae), the Scutellum is thought to be a modified cotyledon or seed leaf.

24 (a)
Colchicum autumnale belongs to the Liliaceae family Colchine is obtained from colchicum, which is used to induce polyploidy in tissue culture

25 (a)
Epiphytic roots are also called hygroscopic roots. Epiphytes bear three types of roots clinging, absorbing, and hygroscopic aerial. These roots develop in some orchids, which grow as epiphytes upon the trunks or branches of trees. They hang freely in the air and absorb atmospheric moisture with the help of a special sponge-like tissue called velamen. Velamen is modification of epidemis, e.g., Vanda, Dendrobium, etc.

26 (c)
Samara is a single-seeded fruit developing from a superior bi or tricarpellary ovary. The pericarp becomes flat like a wing, e.g., Holoptera.

27 (a)
Mustard (Brassica campestris) belongs to the family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Mustard is characterized by a tetramerous flower, six stamens with tetradynamous condition (i.e., two stamens of the outer whorl are smaller than the four stamens of the inner whorl), carpellary gynoecium and siliqua type of fruit.

28 (b)
Ruscus belongs to the family Liliaceae (monocot). It produces unisexual flowers.

29 (d)
Primary roots and their branches constitute the tap root system as seen in mustard plants (figure A).
Roots originate from the base of the stem and constitute the fibrous root system as seen in the wheat plant (figure B)

30 (d)
The archesporial cells divide periclinal, cutting off the primary parietal layer (forming a wall later on) towards the outer side and primary sporogenous cells towards the inner side. 

31 (d)
The multiple or composite fruit develops from the entire inflorescence. These are known as infructescence.

32 (b)
Caryopsis is an indehiscent dry simple fruit that develops from monocarpellary, unilocular, and superior ovary. It is a one-seeded fruit in which the seed coat is fused with the pericarp. Such fruit is also called grain, e.g., members of the family Poaceae.

33 (d)
Tobacco belongs to the family Solanaceae. Its floral formula is

34 (c)
When the primary root, which develops from the radicle of the embryo remains as the main root throughout the life of the plant and grows straight downwardly in the soil, it is called tap root, e.g., roots in dicot plants.

35 (a)
Rafflesia Arnoldi is the largest flower.

36 (a)
Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch. These are usually three types.

37 (c)
Aestivation The mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floral buds with respect to other members of the same whorl is known as aestivation
The main types of aestivation are
(i) Valvate When sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin without overlapping e.g., Calotropis
(ii) Twisted If one margin of the appendages overlaps that of the next one and so on. e.g., China rose, cotton, lady’s finger
(ii) Imbricate If the margins of sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction, e.g., Cassia and gulmohar
(iv) Vexillary In pea and bean flowers, there are five petals, the largest (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel) this type of aestivation is known as vexillary or papilionaceous

38 (c)
The flower is a reproductive unit in the angiosperms. It is meant for sexual reproduction. A typical flower has four different kinds of whorls arranged successively on the swollen end of the stalk or pedicel called thalamus or receptacle