1. The point by which Annelida advanced over Nematoda is
 a) True coelom
 b) Metameric segmentation
 c) Closed circulation
 d) All of the above

2. A transverse section of Pheretima taken through the 10th segment is observed in a microscope. Which of the following structures can be observed in the section?
 a) Stomach, dorsal blood vessel, ventral blood vessel, supraesophageal vessel, anterior loops, ring vessel, and micro nephridia
 b) Stomach, dorsal blood vessel, ventral blood vessel, lateral hearts, ring vessels and pharyngeal nephridia
 c) Intestine, dorsal blood vessel, ventral blood vessel, supraesophageal vessel, and septal nephridia
 d) Stomach, dorsal blood vessel, sub-neural blood vessel, and lateral hearts

3. Sycon belongs to a group of animals which are best described as
 a) Multicellular with a gastrovascular system
 b) Multicellular having tissue organization, but no body cavity
 c) Unicellular or acellular
 d) Multicellular without any tissue organization

4. In which one of the following genus names, its two characters, and its class/phylum are correctly matched?

5. In a frog’s heart, there are muscular ridges that consist of fibers called 
 a) Purkinje fibers
 b) Myonemes
 c) Telodendria
 d) Columnaecarnae

6. Which is not a feature of annelids?
 a) Metameric segmentation
 b) Nephridia
 c) Psedocoelom
 d) Clitellum

7. Which one of the following kinds of animal is triploblastic?
 a) Flatworms
 b) Sponges
 c) Ctenophores
 d) Corals

8. Organ system level of organization is observed in
 a) Chordates
 b) Annelids
 c) Molluscs
 d) All of these

9. Find the odd example.
 a) Sea lily
 b) Sea fan
 c) Sea cucumber
 d) Sea urchin

10. The snake-eating snake is 
 a) Black cobra
 b) King Cobra
 c) Rattlesnake
 d) Anaconda

11. Book lungs are respiratory organs in
 a) Scorpion 
 b) Prawn
 c) Snail
 d) Cockroach

12. In Pheretima, the lateral hearts that connect the supra oesophageal blood vessel with the ventral blood vessel are located in which segments?
 a) 7 and 9
 b) 18 and 19
 c) 14 and 15
 d) 12 and 13

13. Sea anemone belongs to the phylum
 a) Protozoa
 b) Porifera
 c) Coelenterata
 d) Echinodermata

14. Trochophore is the larva of
 a) Neopilina
 b) Chiton
 c) Pila
 d) All of these

15. In the given diagram, what does ‘A’ represent?

 a) Heart
 b) Lateral vessel
 c) Ventral vessel
 d) Dorsal vessel

16. Hydroskeleton is not found in
 a) Mollusca
 b) Echinoderms
 c) Annelida
 d) Cnidarian

17. Aschelminthes are usually
 a) Dioecious
 b) Hermaphrodites
 c) Metagenic
 d) Coelomates

18. Development of Mollusca is
 a) With larvae named trochophore
 b) Always direct without larval stages
 c) With larval stage called glochidium
 d) With the larval stage called wriggler

19. Which character is not the same in Aves and mammals?
 a) Single systemic arch
 b) Metanephric kidney
 c) Seven cervical vertebrae
 d) Homeotherms

20. Study the following features of a fish
I. It is a crossopterygian fish
II. It is found in the river Chalumnae
III. It does not exhibit aestivation
IV. It is an urecotelic animal
Which of the above is true to ‘Neoceratodus’
 a) I and II
 b) II and IV
 c) I and III
 d) I and IV

1 (d)
Annelids have a true coelom, metameric segmentation, and closed circulation.

2 (a)
A transverse section of Pheretima taken through the 10th segment shows the following structures- stomach, dorsal blood vessel, ventral blood vessel supraesophageal vessel, anterior loops, ring vessel, and micronephridia. 

3 (d)
Sycon belongs to the phylum Porifera. The porifers are the most primitive group of multicellular animals. They have no tissue grade of organization and represent cell aggregated body plan, hence, included in the sub-kingdom-Parazoa.

4 (a)
Salamandra (salamander) is a member of class-Amphibia. A tympanum represents the ear.

5 (d)
In a frog’s heart, a number of muscular ridges called columnae carne projected from the wall of the ventricle into its cavity, dividing the peripheral part of the cavity into a number of pockets. It prevents suction that would occur with a flat surfaced membrane and thus impairs the heart’s ability to pump efficiently.

6 (c)
Annelids do not possess pseudocoelom but true coelom.

7 (a)
Flatworms (phylum-Platyhelminthes) are triploblastic animals with organs. The cells of the body wall are arranged in three germ layers.
Sponges, ctenophores, and corals are diploblastic animals.

8 (d)
The organ system level of organization is seen in chordates, annelids, and mollusks. i.e., in all phyla from Platyhelminthes onwards

9 (b)
Sea fan (Gorgonia) belongs to the phylum Coelenterata, whereas sea cucumber (Cucumaria), sea urchin (Echinus), and sea lily (Antedon) belong to phylum Echinodermata.

10 (b)
The king cobra (Ophiophagushannah) is the world’s longest venomous snake, which can be measured up to 6.7 meters or 22 feet in length. King cobra is a snake eater and its diet probably consists of other snakes like pythons and even smaller ones of its species. 

11 (a)
Book lungs are the respiratory organs of scorpions and spiders.

12 (a)
The important transverse vessels in the first 13 segments are lateral hearts (segments 7 and 9), anterior loops (segments 10 and 11), and lateral oesophageal hearts (segments 12 and 15).

13 (c)
Sea anemone (Metridium) belongs to the class Anthozoa of phylum-Coelenterata. It inhabits warm coastal Wales along the North Atlantic and Pacific coasts.

14 (d)
Trochophore is a ciliated larval stage of polychaetes (eg, Neries), mollusks, and rotifers. Neopilina, Chiton, and Pila belong to the phylum Mollusca. 

15 (d)
It represents the dorsal blood vessel of earthworms. It is the largest blood vessel. Behind the 13th segment, it is collecting vessels and between 1-3, it is distributing vessels. 

16 (d)
Hydroskeleton is found in Annelids, echinoderms, and other invertebrates for respiration

17 (a)
Aschelminthes are dioecious with separate sexes and females are usually longer than males

18 (c)
Development may be direct or with larval stages called glochidium or veliger

19 (c)
The presence of seven cervical vertebrae is a characteristic feature of mammals only.

20 (c)
Crossopterygians are called lobed fined fishes. Neoceratodus (order Dipnoi) is a crossopterygian fish. It is found in the Burnett and Mary Rivers of Queen’s Land, Australia

Question 21-40

Answer

21.a 22.c 23.b 24.c 25.c 26.d 27.c 28.a 29.b 30.c 31.c 32.b 33.b 34.d 35.b 36.b 37.d 38.b 39.d 40.b 

Solution

21 (a)
In Pheretimaposthuma (earthworm), septae are absent between 3/4 and 9/10 segments.

22 (c)
Oviducts of frogs are independently developed by Mullerian ducts.

23 (b)
Drones are male honey bees, developed parthenogenetically, and have a life span of about five weeks (or 1-2 months).

24 (c)
Metatherians are pouched mammals. The complete development of the embryo takes place in an abdominal pouch or marsupium.

25 (c)
A clasper is a male anatomical structure found in some groups of animals and used in mating. Male cartilaginous fish like sharks have claspers formed from the posterior portion of their pelvic fin which serve as intromittent organs used to channel semen into the female’s cloaca during mating.

26 (d)
Platyhelminthes (e.g., Planaria, liver fluke, and tapeworm) possess the simplest tubular excretory system called protonephridia flame cells or splenocytes. Excretory material is ammonia in aquatic flatworms. 

27 (c)
Ommatidium is the basic unit of the arthropod compound eye. It comprises a cornea lens, crystalline cone, and a group of usually 7-8 retinal cells radially arranged around a central rhabdome. Ommatidia serve the purpose of photoreception. 

28 (a)
In the blood of Periplaneta, there is no respiratory pigment because air is conducted directly to the body tissues.

29 (b)
Wuchereriabancrofti (the filarial worm) belongs to phylum-Nemathelminthes.

30 (c)
The given cross-section is of Planaria (acoelomate), a flatworm. Flatworms are devoid of cavities in between the alimentary canal and body wall, hence are acoelomate.

31 (c)
The typhlosolar region in earthworms is from 27 segments onwards and continues up to the last 23-25 segments in front of the anus. Typhlosole increases the absorptive surface area.

32 (b)
When the coelom arises as a result of a split in the mesoderm sheet, it is called schizocoel. In enterocoel, the coelom arises as an outgrowth of the enteron. The pouches pinch off and enlarge until they squeeze out of the blastocoel.
Schizocoel is seen in Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca and Chordates. Echinodermata are enter-coelomates.

33 (b)
The middle ear of a frog consists of only a single rod-shaped bone called columellaauris which extends across the tympanic chamber from the tympanic membrane to fenestraovalis. Columellaauris is also present in reptiles and birds. It transmits sound to the inner ear and homologous to the mammalian stapes.

34 (d)
Most of the species of true toads belong to the genus Bufa.

35 (b)
The oxygenated blood from the two lungs is collected by the right and left pulmonary veins, which unite to form a common pulmonary vein (pulmocutaneous vein)which opens directly into the left auricle on the dorsal side.

36 (b)
The ventral nerve cord is common in leeches (Annelida), cockroaches, and scorpions (Arthropoda).

37 (d)
Archaeocytes are the totipotent cells, which provide great regenerating power to sponges. Sex cells (sperm and ova) arise from undifferentiated archaeocytes.

38 (b)
Necturus is also known as mud puppy and belongs to the subclass Urodela.

39 (d)
Metamorphosis is a charge from the juvenile to adult stage in which the larval stage is quite different from the adult stage. In retrogressive metamorphosis, the larva possesses advanced characteristics that are lost during development and the adult is either sedentary or degenerated with primitive characteristics. All urochordates display retrogressive metamorphosis.

40 (b)
Aves have two additional chambers to the alimentary canal: the crop and the gizzard. Birds eat tiny pebbles that lodge in the gizzard and help the muscular gizzard in crushing food. Birds have 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

Question 41-50

Answer

41.d 42.b 43.a 44.d 45.a 46.c 47.b 48.a 49.a 50.b 

Solution

41 (d)
In biradial symmetry, the body can be divided into two similar halves by one or two vertical planes only, e.g., sea anemones. The animals, which show radial and biradial symmetry have oral and aboral sides. 

42 (b)
The house fly is characterized by one pair of wings, sponging and lapping types of mouth parts, and short antennae. 

43 (a)
The zoological name of the common Indian krait is Bungaruscaeruleus. Kraits are highly poisonous snakes.

44 (d)
Fasciola hepatica (Sheep liver fluke) belongs to phylum-Platyhelminthes. These worms have incomplete alimentary canals, there is a single opening for both digestion and egestion. This is also called a blind sac body plan.

45 (a)
Lophomonas is the cellulose-digesting zooflagellate found in wood cockroaches.

46 (c)
Spiracles are 10 in number, out of these 2 pairs are found in the thoracic portion, while the rest 8 pairs are found in the abdominal portion.

47 (b)
Phylum-Mollusca lack Malpighian tubules, instead have feather-like gills in the mantle cavity that are useful for respiration and excretion

48 (a)
Down feathers are found only in newly hatched birds, it is the first feathery covering on the body that provides insulation to newly hatched ones

49 (a)
The abdomen of the adult consists of 10 segments, while the embryo has 11 segments.

50 (b)
Class-Cyclostomata includes round-mouthed fish like lampreys (Petromyzon) and hags (Myxine)