1. Osmoregulation in Paramecium is a function of
 a) Contractile vacuole
 b) Trichocysts
 c) Cytopyge
 d) Cytostome

3. Which of the following is a non-hyphal unicellular fungus?
 a) Yeast
 b) Puccinia
 c) Ustilago
 d) Alternaria

4. Auxospores and Homocyst are formed, respectively by
 a) Several diatoms and a few cyanobacteria
 b) Several cyanobacteria and several diatoms
 c) Some diatoms several cyanobacteria
 d) Some cyanobacteria and many diatoms

5. HIV is classified as a retrovirus because its genetic information is carried in
 a) DNA instead of RNA
 b) DNA
 c) RNA instead of DNA
 d) Protein coat

6. Consider the following statements
I. Mycelium is branched and septate
II. The asexual spores are generally not formed
III. Vegetative reproduction takes place by fragmentation
IV. Sex organs are absent but sexual reproduction takes place by somatogamy
V. Karyogamy and meiosis take place in basidium to form haploid four basidiospores
Vi. Basidia are arranged in fruiting bodies called basidiocarp
The above statements are assigned to
 a) Sac fungi
 b) Bracket fungi
 c) Imperfecti fungi
 d) Club fungi

7. Aristotle classified the plants on the basis  of their morphological characters and categorized them into
 a) Trees, shrubs, and herbs
 b) Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms
 c) Embryophytes and tracheophytes
 d) Algae and embryophytes

8. Citrus canker is a
 a) Viral disease
 b) Bacterial disease
 c) Fungal disease
 d) Protozoan disease

9. Which is correct?
 a) RNA is the genetic material of bacteria
 b) RNA is the genetic material of all virus
 c) DNA is the genetic material of some organism
 d) Some virus has RNA as genetic material

10. African sleeping sickness is caused by
 a) Trypanosoma
 b) Leishmania
 c) Latimeria
 d) Plasmodium

11. Read the following statement about bacteria and select the correct option 
 a) Bacteria are simple in structure but complex in behavior
 b) Bacteria are complex in structure but simple in behavior
 c) Bacteria are simple in both structure and behavior
 d) Bacteria are complex in both structure and behavior

12. Which of the following is a Gram-negative bacterium?
 a) Escherichia coli
 b) Bacillus subtillis
 c) Streptomyces coelicolor
 d) Ampycolatopsis orientalis

13. Virus consists of 
 a) Nucleic acid
 b) Protein
 c) Both (A) and (B)
 d) None of these

14. Parasitic and saprophytic conditions are more familiar in
 a) Fungi
 b) Bacteria
 c) Algae
 d) Ferns

15. Bacteriophage releases lysozyme during
 a) Penetration phase
 b) Eclipse phase
 c) Absorption phase
 d) Maturation phase

16. Cladonia rangiferina is a/an
 a) Algae
 b) Lichen
 c) Fungus 
 d) Angiosperm

17. According to the five kingdom classification bacteria belong to
 a) Protista
 b) Monera
 c) Plantae
 d) Archaea

18. Which of the following is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium present in the soil?
 a) Nitrosomonas
 b) Rhizobium
 c) Azotobacter
 d) Pseudomonas

19. The genetic material of rabies virus is
 a) Double-stranded RNA
 b) Single stranded RNA
 c) Double-stranded DNA
 d) Single-stranded DNA

20. All of the following fungi belong to Phycomycetes, except
 a) Rhizopus
 b) Mucor
 c) Albugo
 d) Agaricus

1 (a)
Osmoregulation in Paramecium is a function of the contractile vacuole. Contains two contractile vacuoles, which have fixed positions near the body ends in the ectoplasm of the aboral side. Each vacuole contains a definite unit membrane covering called a vacuolar condensation membrane.

2 (b)
Fungi imperfecti includes Alternaria, Trichoderma, and Colletotrichum

3 (a)
Yeast is unicellular, degenerated, non-mycelial, saprophytic fungi possessing no hyphae. But sometimes, the chain of buds is formed during rapid growth, which may give the false appearance of a mycelium and called a pseudo mycelium

4 (a)
The bacillariophyceae members (diatoms) are microscopic, eukaryotic, unicellular, or colonial coccoid algae. These algae are sexually reproduced by the formation of auxospores in most cases. Homocysts are formed by a few cyanobacteria.

5 (c)
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus. The name retrovirus comes from the fact that it has two single strands of genomic RNA and enzyme reverse transcriptase which converts virus RNA into a single strand of DNA.

6 (b)
Commonly known forms of class-Basidiomycetes are mushrooms, bracket fungi, or puffballs. The mycelium is branched and septate.
The asexual spores are generally not found, but vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is common. Sex organs are absent, but plasmogamy is brought about by the fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different strains or genotypes.
The resultant structure is dikaryotic, which ultimately gives rise to basidium. Karyogamy and meiosis take place in the basidium producing four basidiospores. The basidiospores are exogenously produced on the basidium. The basidia are arranged in fruiting bodies called basidiocarps

7 (a)
Trees, shrubs, and herbs.
Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification. He used simple morphological characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs, and herbs. He also divided animals into two groups, those that had red blood and those that did not

8 (b)
Citrus canker is a disease affecting citrus species that is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis

9 (d)
Some viral families (Picornaviridae, Togaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Reoviridae, Retroviridae, etc) contain RNA (either single or double-stranded) as their genetic material.

10 (a)
The genus Trypanosoma is parasitic in the blood of most of the vertebrates. Trypanosoma gambiense causes African sleeping sickness.

11 (a)
Bacteria are simple in structure but complex in behavior

12 (a)
The Gram stain is named after the developer Christian Gram. About 75% of known bacteria are Gram negative e.g., Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Helicobacter, Haemophilus, Escherichia.

13 (c)
Structurally, viruses are very diverse, varying widely in size, shape, and chemical composition. The nucleic acid of the virus is always located within the virion particle and is surrounded by a protein shell called the capsid. The complete complex of nucleic acid and protein, packaged in the virion is called the virus nucleocapsid.

14 (a)
The fungi are achlorophyllous, heterotrophic organisms, which cannot prepare their own food. They live as either parasites or saprophytes. However, some forms live symbiotically with other green forms. So, parasitic and saprophytic conditions are more familiar in fungi.

15 (a)
Bacteriophage is the virus that causes infection of bacteria. It releases lysozyme during the penetration phase.

16 (b)
Cladonia mangiferin is reindeer moss. It is a furticose lichen. It is used as food for reindeer, musk, ox, and other wild animals of the Arctic Tundra zone.

17 (b)
Bacteria are prokaryotes. In the kingdom system of classification of R H Whittaker, all prokaryotes are included in kingdom-Monera.

18 (c)
The genus Azotobacter comprises large, free-living, Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are capable of fixation of nitrogen non-symbiotically.
Rhizobium is a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Nitrosomanas is a nitrifying bacteria, while Pseudomonas sp. is a denitrifying bacteria.

19 (b)
In rhabdoviruses (rabies, virus, wheat mosaic virus), paramyxoviruses (mumps virus, Sendai virus), picornaviruses (polio virus), orthomyxovirus (influenza virus), the genetic material is single-stranded RNA (ssRNA).

20 (d)
Agaricus belongs to the class Basidiomycetes. Agaricus is a genus of mushrooms containing both edible and poisonous species

Question 21-40

Answer

21.b  22.b  23.a  24.c  25.d  26.c  27.d  28.d  29.c  30.d  31.a  32.a  33.c  34.d  35.a  36.a  37.c  38.b  39.d  40.c  

Solution

21 (b)
Photosynthetic bacteria contain bacterial chlorophyll as a light-trapping pigment molecule that absorbs light between 800 to 925 nm, depending on the species of bacteria.

22 (b)
Slime molds are saprophytic protists. In slime molds, spores possess true walls. The spores are dispersed by air. They are extremely resistant and survive for many years even under adverse conditions

23 (a)
Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming from Penicillium natatum fungus. Penicillium is called green mold, which belongs to class-Ascomycetes. Today, penicillin is also obtained from Penicillium crysogenum.

24 (c)
Thermococcus, Methanococcus, and Methanobacterium are archaebacteria with negatively supercooled DNA as in eukaryotes but lacking histones

25 (d)
Temperate phages are the avirulent lysogenic phages whose nucleic acids get incorporated in the bacterial DNA (lysogenization). When these phages infect bacteria, the phage genome is integrated into the bacterial chromosome, and the bacterial cell undergoes many divisions.

26 (c)
Mushrooms (Agaricus sp.) are common edible fungi. Their fruiting bodies are used for eating

27 (d)
Animal cells do not have cell walls. Plants contain chloroplast (chlorophyll) and can make their own food. Animals cannot make their own food and are dependent on plants and other animals for food

28 (d)
Euglenoids

29 (c)
A kingdom classification is proposed by RH Whittaker. The classification did not differentiate between the heterotrophic group fungi and the autotrophic green plants, though they also showed characteristic differences in their wall composition-the fungi had chitin, while the green plants had cellulose

30 (d)
Slime mold forms an aggregation called Plasmodium, which may grow and spread over several feet. During unfavorable conditions, the Plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips. Spores are extremely resistant and survive for many years

31 (a)
In Deuteromycetes, some members are saprophytes or parasites, while a large number of them are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling

32 (a)
Teichoic acid is present in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. It is an acidic polymer consisting of carbohydrates, phosphate, and alcohol. It binds metals, acting as receptor sites for some viruses and maintaining cells at low pH to prevent degradation of cell walls by self-produced enzymes.

33 (c)
Gonyaulax.
Some dinoflagellates, such as Gymnodinium and Gonyaulax grows in large number in the seas and make the water look red causing red tides

34 (d)
Kingdom-Protista includes all unicellular eukaryotic organisms like chrysophytes, dinoflagellates, euglenoids, slime molds, protozoans, etc

35 (a)
The conidia and conidiophores are aseptate while mycelium and setae are septate.

36 (a)
As per Ainsworth’s system of classification, Rhizopus comes under the class Zygomycetes (sub-division-Zygomycotina).

37 (c)
Hepatitis-B virus contains double-stranded DNA, while Hepatitis-C, Hepatitis-E, Hepatitis-A, and HIV contain single-stranded RNA.

38 (b)
Trypanosoma gambiense causes West and Central African sleeping sickness or Gambian fever. It is a fatal infection of the nervous and lymphatic systems that is endemic in certain parts of Africa. The vector of the flagellate is the tsetse fly Glossina

39 (d)
Paramecium coudatum contains a smaller diploid micro-nucleus for reproduction and a large polyploid macro-nucleus which leads to metabolism.

40 (c)
The kingdom-Monera includes all prokaryotes, mycoplasma, bacteria, Actinomycetes, and cyanobacteria of blue-green algae